This damage usually arises from certain diseases that selectively affect alpha motor neurons (such as polio) or from localized lesions near the spinal cord. Damage to alpha motor neurons results in a characteristic set of symptoms called the lower motor neuron syndrome (lower motor neurons refer to alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem all motor system neurons higher in the hierarchy are referred to as upper motor neurons). Differences in the symptoms that result from damage at different levels allow the clinician to localize where in the hierarchy the damage is likely to be. Motor system dysfunction can result from damage or disease at any level of the motor system hierarchy and side-loops. Reflex circuits and other circuitry within the spinal cord underlie the automatic processing of many of the direct commands to the muscles (the “nuts and bolts” processing), thereby freeing higher-order areas to concentrate on more global, task-related processing. Alpha motor neurons directly innervate skeletal muscle, causing the contractions that produce all movements. The first level of the motor system hierarchy is the spinal cord, the location of the alpha motor neurons that constitute the “final common pathway” of all motor commands. An emphasis is placed on trying to explain the causes and symptoms of motor system disorders in terms of the basic principles of neuroanatomy and neuronal function that you learned in the earlier chapters. In the process, the different components of the motor system are reviewed to see how they work together to produce the fluid, effortless body movements that we take for granted. This chapter describes the types of disorders that result from damage or disease to different parts of the motor system. The opportunities are endless.The previous motor system chapters have deconstructed the motor system into its component parts, in an effort to portray how the brain’s “divide and conquer” strategy assigns different motor control tasks to different brain regions. The IT industry is an exciting and constantly changing one with a wide range of opportunities – from working in computer games development to working with robotic systems or supporting scientists in combating global warming. This qualification is a further step towards a career in the IT industry. Progression - Choosing to study for a BTEC Level 3 National Information Technology qualification is a great decision to make for lots of reasons. In Year 14 learners will undertake an externally assessed controlled assessment and one coursework unit. In Year 13 learners will sit an external exam and complete one coursework unit. Learners also implement social media activities in a business to meet requirements.Īssessment - This course is made up of both external and internal assessed units. Unit 3 - Using Social Media in Business This unit allows learners to explore how businesses use social media to promote their products and services. This unit is externally assessed through a controlled assessment. This unit allows learners to study the design, creation, testing and evaluation of a relational database system to manage information. Unit 2 - Creating Systems to Manage Information
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